Galloway, N.J. - If Lake Fred had islands, who would live on them? 

Students in Aaron Stoler's Ecology class asked that very question while studying Robert MacArthur and E.O. Wilson's theory of island biogeography. They made and deployed five experimental islands to get the answer just prior to classes going virtual.  

Stoler, assistant professor of Environmental Science, rode to those islands by canoe to help his class complete their experiment. 

Since he couldn't be joined by his students, Stoler decided to bring his phone and stream the canoe ride on Facebook Live. Students along with dozens of interested community members joined him for the lesson. 

"Island biogeography is one of the most fundamental theories in ecology and it seeks to explain how ecosystems are colonized from surrounding areas," said Stoler.

If we consider the mainland to be the source population, the closest islands will be colonized first and will have the most number of species when everything reaches equilibrium, he explained. 

Another principle of the theory says that larger islands have more space to invite passing biodiversity and are expected to have more species than smaller islands.

"We expect to find birds and insects," said Stoler. 

Birds passing overhead might land, and if they excrete seeds, plants can begin to grow. Seeds from wind-pollinated plants such as dandelions can also fall onto the soil and germinate.

The 2-foot by 2-foot islands hold initially seed-free soil that rests on a plastic tarp base floating on pool noodles anchored to the bottom of Lake Fred. 

As Stoler launched from the Oasis, an artificial beach in front of the Lodge at Lakeside, he was greeted by swallows skimming the surface for insects--a promising sign of potential island inhabitants.

Upon arrival at the first island, he found a sprinkling of pine needles blown in from the bordering trees. "These pine needles are important because they are what accumulate on islands and eventually start to decompose to make soil. The fact that they are here shows a little bit of the theory," said Stoler.  

At island two, there was a spider web. The spider may have hitch-hiked on a bird or drifted in the wind.

Midges, an aquatic insect, built their casings on the pool noodles underneath the island. 

Unsurprisingly, the further islands were desolate. 

The islands were planted in the lake about a month and a half ago. "Ecology takes time," said Stoler, who plans to keep them out longer to gather more results.

As the days warm and more plants begin to grow, Stoler suspects there may be more to find. 

The lesson was followed by a virtual tour of the lake guided by viewer requests for updates on the turtles, frogs, otters and plants. Stoler also visited an arched cedar tree that provides fish habitat in the shallows and the real island on the lake that was busy with goose activity. 

Stoler has announced a weekly Facebook Live series called "Streaming with Stoler" that invites the community to join him for ecology lessons in unique Pinelands habitats. The livestreams take place on the School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics's Facebook page on Fridays at 3 p.m. Rain dates are the following Mondays at the same time. 

Streaming with Stoler Schedule 

 

Reported by Susan Allen